State pattern · updated 3 Sept 2026

Empty state

An empty state is what an interface shows when there is nothing to show yet: no items, no results, no history. A good one names the situation in plain words, says what would fill it, and offers the one action that does so, instead of rendering a blank panel.

Think of it as

An empty parking space with a sign that says "Your car goes here" and points to the entrance, rather than a patch of tarmac.

Worked example

The showcase filter's empty state on this site says "No sites match that combination yet" and offers a single "Clear the filters" button. The decoder's design-system cards use a dash for a measurement with no data rather than a zero, because zero would be a claim.

Why it matters

Empty states are the first thing a new user sees in almost every product, and the place a design system most often forgets to specify. They also carry an honesty rule: an empty state that shows a made-up example row is presenting fiction as data.

How it fails

A blank white panel. A cheerful illustration with no action. Placeholder data that looks real. An error message where an empty message was meant.

What to measure open the decoder →

  1. Whether the empty panel contains a heading, a sentence and exactly one action
  2. Contrast of the muted explanatory text, which is usually set too light
  3. Whether the same tokens (radius, spacing) are used as in the filled state

Where you meet it

  • Dashboards after signup
  • Search with no results
  • Inbox, cart and history views

On this site

Every measured surface here renders nothing rather than a placeholder when it has no data: the fetch counter on theme pages, the "Palettes near this colour" block, the most-fetched strip. That is the pattern applied to a site's own claims.

Showcase collections that exhibit it

Build it

Next rung

The empty state is one of several states a component has. The others (hover, focus, active, disabled) are what the decoder counts as state rules, and they are the next thing to check.

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